NIST’s Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) has developed a three-node Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network that allows multiple users to securely share encryption keys. This network uses quantum principles to provide secure communication based on the laws of physics, making it more secure than traditional encryption methods. The system operates using both 850 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths and can transmit data at a rate of 1.25 Gbps. It uses a MEMS optical switch to control communication routes between nodes, allowing for automatic reconfiguration without manual intervention.
The network uses either the BB84 or B92 protocol for key exchange, with BB84 being more secure but requiring additional hardware. The system includes components like VCSELs, polarization controllers, and silicon avalanche photodiodes to detect and process quantum signals. It has been tested in a video surveillance setup, where encrypted video was sent over the internet using one-time pad encryption. This demonstrates potential applications in secure local networks. While still in the experimental phase, this development shows progress toward practical QKD networks that could be used in commercial settings in the future.
Source: https://www.nist.gov/itl/three-user-active-qkd-network-developed-itl
Keywords: Quantum Key Distribution, Network Management System, MEMS Optical Switch
