**Quantum Voltage Standards and Metrology**
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been a leader in developing standards for radio frequency (RF) measurements for over a century. One notable achievement is the implementation of quantum voltage standards using Josephson junctions, which provided a new level of accuracy.
**Current Status:**
– The NIST Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL) maintains advanced calibration services that address modern needs.
– CTL calibrates antennas and field probes across a wide frequency range, from 10 kilohertz to 220 gigahertz.
– Power calibration services are critical for aerospace and defense applications where precision in power measurement ensures mission success.
**Potential Impact:**
– Accurate RF measurements create a solid foundation for connectivity, safety, and performance across countless applications.
– Precision metrology enables economic growth by providing manufacturers with assurance that systems meet established performance standards.
**Implementation Timeframes:**
– CTL is extending power calibration capabilities to 260 GHz.
– Development on-wafer traceability methods will support S-parameter and power measurements up to 1 terahertz by advancing support for 6G technologies.
Keywords: Frequency, calibration, precision
