NIST researchers are developing new quantum standards using a special class of materials called topological insulators, which conduct electricity on their surfaces while acting as insulators inside. The main objective is to create a new international resistance standard based on the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect, which would allow for precise measurements without requiring large, expensive magnets. This project is currently in the experimental phase, with teams synthesizing specific magnetic alloys to build smaller, portable instruments that could eventually be distributed to NIST customers.
Beyond measurement standards, this research aims to advance fault-tolerant quantum computing by engineering topological superconductivity. This involves utilizing unique particles called Majorana fermions, which could store quantum information in a way that is naturally protected against errors and noise. While a specific completion date is not yet set, successful implementation could lead to more stable quantum computers and simpler, more accessible electrical standards for various industries.
Source: https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/topological-insulators
Keywords: topological insulators, quantum anomalous Hall effect, Majorana fermions
