The ETSI TS 103 636 series defines a non-cellular 5G standard that enables enterprises to deploy autonomous, decentralized mesh networks without relying on cellular operators or infrastructure. This technology utilizes a shared 1.9 GHz international frequency where every device acts as a router, automatically re-routing traffic to eliminate single points of failure and achieve approximately 60% better energy efficiency than traditional cellular topologies. By removing middlemen and subscription fees, the standard reduces deployment costs to one-tenth of cellular solutions while supporting massive IoT applications in smart cities, Industry 4.0, and logistics. The architecture facilitates a low-carbon footprint and enables local data storage, offering a scalable foundation for the energy transition and circular economy.
Keywords: decentralized mesh, shared spectrum, carbon footprint, on-premises data, massive IoT