Researchers at the University of Oulu are developing a distributed peer-to-peer energy grid that aggregates small micro-generation units into virtual power plants to balance the volatility of renewable sources like wind and solar. This system leverages 5G and 6G communications to enable real-time data exchange, allowing for local energy trading and advanced machine learning-based frequency control that optimizes demand response. The hierarchical architecture scales from household-level prosumers to distribution and transmission grids, aiming to demonstrate a renewable generation penetration approaching 100% in remote and developed areas. By integrating flexible demand with accurate weather forecasting, the solution seeks to create a resilient, carbon-positive power system capable of handling the increasing share of variable renewable energy sources.
Keywords: smart grid, virtual power plants, renewable energy integration, peer-to-peer energy trading, sustainable development