Researchers at NIST and CU-JILA are developing a foundational quantum networking channel that translates fragile microwave signals from superconducting computers into optical light for long-distance transmission. While not yet a ratified standard, this work establishes critical performance benchmarks and practical protocols for linking separate quantum processors, effectively creating the hardware “translation” layer needed for future quantum internet infrastructure. The project is currently under active construction, with full operational readiness targeted for late 2026.
The team’s primary method uses entangled light states to share quantum information between network nodes, where specialized resonator devices convert optical signals back into microwaves with minimal signal loss. This continuous-variable approach enables efficient preparation and measurement of quantum data, paving the way for high-speed, on-demand applications. To protect against signal degradation over longer distances, researchers are also testing a single-photon counting alternative. By defining reliable transmission limits and interoperable interfaces, these efforts will help unify disparate quantum systems and accelerate the deployment of scalable, interconnected quantum networks.
Source: https://www.nist.gov/ctl/quantum-communications-division/quantum-networking-and-transduction-group
Keywords: microwave-to-optical conversion, quantum transduction, remote microwave entanglement
